# substring method

The `substring` method returns a substring from a string (the original string is not changed). The first parameter specifies the number of the character where the method starts cutting (numbering starts from zero), and the second parameter is the number of the character where the cutting should end (the character with this number is not included in the cut substring). The second parameter is optional, if it is not specified, then all characters up to the end of the string will be cut.

## Syntax

`string.substring(where to start, [where to stop]);`

## Example

Let a string be given. Let's cut out the characters from the first to the third:

`let str = 'abcde'; let sub = str.substring(1, 3); console.log(sub);`

The code execution result (character numbered `3` will not be included in the substring):

`'bc'`

## Example

Let's now cut out the characters from `1`st to the end of a string (for this, we will not set the second parameter of the method):

`let str = 'abcde'; let sub = str.substring(1); console.log(sub);`

The code execution result:

`'bcde'`

## See also

- the `substr` and `slice` methods
  that also return a substring

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